"To be” в Present Simple (в Настоящем простом времени)
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Positive (written) I am You are He is She is It is We are They are |
(Положит. Форма) (spoken) I’m You’re He’s She’s It’s We’re They’re |
Negative (written) I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not They are not |
(Отрицательная форма) (spoken) I’m not You are not / You aren’t He is not / He isn’t She is not / She isn’t It is not / It isn’t We are not / We aren’t They are not / They aren’t |
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Questions Вопросы) Am I ....? Are you ...? Is he ...? Is she ...? Is it ...? Are we ...? Are they ...? |
Short answers (Краткие ответы) Yes I am. No I am not. / No I’m not. Yes you are. No you are not. / No you aren’t. Yes he is. No he is not. / No he isn’t. Yes she is. No she is not. / No she isn’t. Yes it is. No it is not. / No it isn’t. Yes we are. No we are not. / No we aren’t. Yes they are. No they are not. / No they aren’t |
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"to be” в Past Simple (в Простом прошедшем времени)
positive negative question
(положит.форма) (отрицательная форма) (вопрос)
I/he/she/it was I/he/she/it was not (wasn’t) was I/he/she/it?
We/you/they were we/you/they were not (weren’t) were we/you/they?
"to be” в Future Simple (Простом будущем времени)
I/he/she/it/we/you/they will (‘ll) be
I/he/she/it/we/you/they will not be (won’t be)
Will I/he/she/it/we/they be
Функции глагола to be:
1. Смысловой глагол: быть, существовать; жить, находиться:
How are you? Как (вы) поживаете?
Are you often in town? Часто ли вы бываете в городе?
How much is it? Сколько это стоит?
2. В составном сказуемом является основным глаголом-связкой:
Не is a teacher. Он учитель.
I am cold. Мне холодно.
В разговорной речи в утвердительной форме настоящего неопределенного времени (Present Indefinite) обычно глагол to be употребляется в следующих сокращениях:
I am = I'm we are = we're
he is = he's you are = you're
she is = she's they are = they' re
It is = It's
В отрицательной форме Present Indefinite употребляются следующие сокращения глагола to be:
I am not = I' m not
he is not = he's not
she is not = she's not
it is not = it's not
we are not = we're not
you are not = you're not
they are not = they're not
